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利用Python实现RSA加密解密方法实例

前言

加密技术在数据安全存储,数据传输中发挥着重要作用,能够保护用户隐私数据安全,防止信息窃取。RSA是一种非对称加密技术,在软件、网页中已得到广泛应用。本文将介绍RSA加密解密在python中的实现。
原则:公钥加密,私钥解密
解释:具体过程的解释请见代码前的注释

RSA加密实验基本流程:

一、选取两个大素数p、q,并计算得到n、phi_n

二、选取常用的e = 0x10001,方便将幂运算优化为左移,加快运算速度

三、计算d,使用了扩展欧几里得算法

四、输入明文a,将明文转化为可以用于计算的数字形式

五、对a使用快速幂取模,得到密文b,以16进制显示

RSA解密流程:

六、对b使用快速幂取模,得到明文a,以字符形式显示

一、安装模块

 	pip install pycryptodome

二、生成密钥对

密钥对文件生成和读取
代码:

 	from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 	def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
 	     '''
 	     创建rsa公钥私钥对
 	     :param is_save: default:False
 	     :return: public_key, private_key
 	     '''
 	     f = RSA.generate(2048)
 	     private_key = f.exportKey("PEM") # 生成私钥
 	     public_key = f.publickey().exportKey() # 生成公钥
 	     if is_save:
 	         with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
 	             f.write(private_key)
 	         with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
 	             f.write(public_key)
 	     return public_key, private_key
 	 
 	def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
 	     with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
 	         b = x.read()
 	         return b
 	 
 	def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
 	     with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
 	         b = x.read()
 	         return b

三、加密

流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→rsa加密(bytes)→base64编码(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)
代码:

 	import base64
 	from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
 	from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 	 
 	def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
 	     # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
 	     text = text.encode('utf-8')
 	     # 构建公钥对象
 	     cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
 	     # 加密(bytes)
 	     text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)
 	     # base64编码,并转为字符串
 	     text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted ).decode()
 	     return text_encrypted_base64
 	
 	if __name__ == '__main__':
 	     public_key = read_public_key()
 	     text = '123456'
 	     text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
 	     print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)

四、解密

说明:解密流程与加密流程相反(按照加密流程逆序解密)
流程:输入文本(str)→字符串编码(默认utf-8)(bytes)→base64解码(bytes)→rsa解密(bytes)→解码为字符串(str)
代码:

 	import base64
 	from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
 	from Crypto import Random
 	from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 	 
 	def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
 	     # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
 	     text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
 	     # base64解码
 	     text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64 )
 	     # 构建私钥对象
 	     cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
 	     # 解密(bytes)
 	     text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted , Random.new().read)
 	     # 解码为字符串
 	     text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
 	     return text_decrypted
 	
 	if __name__ == '__main__':
 	     # 生成密文
 	     public_key = read_public_key()
 	     text = '123456'
 	     text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
 	     print('密文:',text_encrypted_base64)
 	
 	     # 解密
 	     private_key = read_private_key()
 	     text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
 	     print('明文:',text_decrypted)

五、完整代码

 	import base64
 	from Crypto.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
 	from Crypto import Random
 	from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
 	# ------------------------生成密钥对------------------------
 	def create_rsa_pair(is_save=False):
 	     '''
 	     创建rsa公钥私钥对
 	     :param is_save: default:False
 	     :return: public_key, private_key
 	     '''
 	     f = RSA.generate(2048)
 	     private_key = f.exportKey("PEM") # 生成私钥
 	     public_key = f.publickey().exportKey() # 生成公钥
 	     if is_save:
 	         with open("crypto_private_key.pem", "wb") as f:
 	             f.write(private_key)
 	         with open("crypto_public_key.pem", "wb") as f:
 	             f.write(public_key)
 	     return public_key, private_key
 	 
 	def read_public_key(file_path="crypto_public_key.pem") -> bytes:
 	     with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
 	         b = x.read()
 	         return b
 	 
 	def read_private_key(file_path="crypto_private_key.pem") -> bytes:
 	     with open(file_path, "rb") as x:
 	         b = x.read()
 	         return b
 	# ------------------------加密------------------------
 	def encryption(text: str, public_key: bytes):
 	     # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
 	     text = text.encode('utf-8')
 	     # 构建公钥对象
 	     cipher_public = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(public_key))
 	     # 加密(bytes)
 	     text_encrypted = cipher_public.encrypt(text)
 	     # base64编码,并转为字符串
 	     text_encrypted_base64 = base64.b64encode(text_encrypted).decode()
 	     return text_encrypted_base64
 	 
 	# ------------------------解密------------------------
 	def decryption(text_encrypted_base64: str, private_key: bytes):
 	     # 字符串指定编码(转为bytes)
 	     text_encrypted_base64 = text_encrypted_base64.encode('utf-8')
 	     # base64解码
 	     text_encrypted = base64.b64decode(text_encrypted_base64)
 	     # 构建私钥对象
 	     cipher_private = PKCS1_v1_5.new(RSA.importKey(private_key))
 	     # 解密(bytes)
 	     text_decrypted = cipher_private.decrypt(text_encrypted, Random.new().read)
 	     # 解码为字符串
 	     text_decrypted = text_decrypted.decode()
 	     return text_decrypted
 	 
 	if __name__ == '__main__':
 	     # 生成密钥对
 	     # create_rsa_pair(is_save=True)
 	     # public_key = read_public_key()
 	     # private_key = read_private_key()
 	     public_key, private_key = create_rsa_pair(is_save=False)
 	 
 	     # 加密
 	     text = '123456'
 	     text_encrypted_base64 = encryption(text, public_key)
 	     print('密文:', text_encrypted_base64)
 	 
 	     # 解密
 	     text_decrypted = decryption(text_encrypted_base64, private_key)
 	     print('明文:', text_decrypted)

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